What is LATEX?

LATEX is a TEX macropackage, that is a collection of definitions and subroutines, which modifies and expands upon the basic TEX commands by establishing a series of environments. In your input document these environments have the form

begin{environment name}
$\vdots$
end{environment name}
The above was produced in the center environment.

operates in the picture environment. For full details about this environment, or LATEX in general, the LATEX User's Guide and Reference Manual by Leslie Lamport is most highly recommended. A basic familiarity with LATEX will be assumed in this manual.